確定工傷(shang)的三要素是：工作原(yuan)因，工作時間，工作地點

工(gong)(gong)作原因、工(gong)(gong)作時間、工(gong)(gong)作場所(suo)如何(he)理解?

      《最高人民法院關于審理工(gong)傷保險(xian)行政案件若干(gan)問題的規定》（以下簡稱(cheng)《規定》）細化了工(gong)傷認定中的“工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)、工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)間和工(gong)作(zuo)場所(suo)”、“因(yin)工(gong)外(wai)出(chu)期間”以及(ji)“上下班途中”等問題。

在關于(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原因(yin)(yin)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)場所的認(ren)(ren)定上，《規定》確定了以(yi)(yi)下三個思路：一是(shi)對(dui)(dui)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原因(yin)(yin)”的認(ren)(ren)定應當(dang)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)是(shi)否(fou)履行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)職責(ze)、是(shi)否(fou)受(shou)用(yong)人單(dan)位指派、是(shi)否(fou)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)職責(ze)有關、是(shi)否(fou)基于(yu)(yu)用(yong)人單(dan)位的正當(dang)利益等(deng)因(yin)(yin)素；二是(shi)對(dui)(dui)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間”的認(ren)(ren)定應當(dang)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)是(shi)否(fou)屬于(yu)(yu)因(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)所需的時(shi)間；三是(shi)對(dui)(dui)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)場所”的認(ren)(ren)定則(ze)應當(dang)考(kao)慮(lv)(lv)是(shi)否(fou)屬于(yu)(yu)因(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)涉(she)及的區(qu)域以(yi)(yi)及自然延伸(shen)的合(he)理區(qu)域。

《規(gui)(gui)定》第(di)四(si)條規(gui)(gui)定社會(hui)保險行政部門認(ren)定下列情形為工(gong)傷的(de)(de)，人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院應予支持：(一)職(zhi)工(gong)在工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場(chang)所內受(shou)到(dao)(dao)傷害(hai)(hai)，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)或(huo)者社會(hui)保險行政部門沒有(you)證(zheng)據(ju)證(zheng)明是非工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)因導致(zhi)的(de)(de)；(二)職(zhi)工(gong)參(can)加(jia)(jia)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)組(zu)織或(huo)者受(shou)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)指派(pai)參(can)加(jia)(jia)其(qi)他單位(wei)組(zu)織的(de)(de)活(huo)動受(shou)到(dao)(dao)傷害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)；(三)在工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)內，職(zhi)工(gong)來往于多個與(yu)其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)職(zhi)責相關的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場(chang)所之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)合理(li)區(qu)域因工(gong)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)傷害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)；(四(si))其(qi)他與(yu)履(lv)行工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)職(zhi)責相關，在工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)及(ji)合理(li)區(qu)域內受(shou)到(dao)(dao)傷害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)。

“因(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)外(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)期間”屬于“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時間”的(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)特殊情形，應當(dang)(dang)從職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)外(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)是否因(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)或(huo)者為用(yong)人(ren)單位的(de)正當(dang)(dang)利益等(deng)方面綜合考慮。《規定》第(di)五(wu)條第(di)一(yi)(yi)款規定：“社會保險行政(zheng)部門(men)認(ren)定下(xia)列情形為‘因(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)外(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)期間’的(de)，人(ren)民法院應予支持：(一(yi)(yi))職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)受(shou)用(yong)人(ren)單位指(zhi)(zhi)派或(huo)者因(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)需要在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場所(suo)以外(wai)(wai)從事與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)職責(ze)有關的(de)活動(dong)期間；(二(er))職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)受(shou)用(yong)人(ren)單位指(zhi)(zhi)派外(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)學習(xi)或(huo)者開(kai)會期間；(三)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)需要的(de)其他(ta)外(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)活動(dong)期間。”為了更好地保護因(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)外(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)受(shou)傷職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)合法權益，《規定》第(di)五(wu)條第(di)二(er)款規定，只要不屬于職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)從事與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)或(huo)者受(shou)用(yong)人(ren)單位指(zhi)(zhi)派外(wai)(wai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)學習(xi)、開(kai)會無關的(de)個人(ren)活動(dong)受(shou)到傷害的(de)，原則上應當(dang)(dang)認(ren)定為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷。

關于(yu)(yu)“上(shang)(shang)下(xia)班途中”的認定(ding)。《規定(ding)》第六條規定(ding)：“對社會(hui)保險行政部門(men)認定(ding)下(xia)列情(qing)形(xing)為‘上(shang)(shang)下(xia)班途中’的，人民(min)法院應予支持(chi)：(一)在(zai)合(he)理(li)時(shi)間內往(wang)返于(yu)(yu)工作地(di)(di)與住所地(di)(di)、經常居住地(di)(di)、單(dan)位(wei)宿舍(she)的合(he)理(li)路(lu)線(xian)的上(shang)(shang)下(xia)班途中；(二)在(zai)合(he)理(li)時(shi)間內往(wang)返于(yu)(yu)工作地(di)(di)與配偶、父母(mu)、子女(nv)居住地(di)(di)的合(he)理(li)路(lu)線(xian)的上(shang)(shang)下(xia)班途中；(三)從事屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)日常工作生(sheng)活所需要的活動，且在(zai)合(he)理(li)時(shi)間和合(he)理(li)路(lu)線(xian)的上(shang)(shang)下(xia)班途中；(四)在(zai)合(he)理(li)時(shi)間內其他合(he)理(li)路(lu)線(xian)的上(shang)(shang)下(xia)班途中。”

法律依據《工(gong)傷保險條例》第十四條　職工(gong)有下列情形(xing)之一的，應當認定為工(gong)傷： 

（一(yi)）在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)和工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場所內(nei)，因(yin)(yin)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原因(yin)(yin)受(shou)到事(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)傷(shang)害的(de)；（二）工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)前后在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場所內(nei)，從(cong)事(shi)與工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)有關的(de)預備性或(huo)者收尾性工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)受(shou)到事(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)傷(shang)害的(de)；（三）在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時間(jian)和工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)場所內(nei)，因(yin)(yin)履行(xing)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)職責受(shou)到暴力等意(yi)外傷(shang)害的(de)；（四）患職業病(bing)的(de)； 　　（五）因(yin)(yin)工(gong)外出(chu)期間(jian)，由于工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原因(yin)(yin)受(shou)到傷(shang)害或(huo)者發(fa)生事(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下落不明的(de)；（六(liu)）在(zai)(zai)上下班途(tu)中(zhong)，受(shou)到非本人(ren)主(zhu)要責任的(de)交(jiao)通(tong)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或(huo)者城市軌道交(jiao)通(tong)、客運輪渡、火車事(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)傷(shang)害的(de)；（七）法律(lv)、行(xing)政法規規定(ding)應當認定(ding)為工(gong)傷(shang)的(de)其(qi)他情(qing)形。

第十(shi)五條　職工(gong)有下列(lie)情形之(zhi)一(yi)的，視(shi)同工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)：（一(yi)）在工(gong)作時(shi)間和工(gong)作崗位，突發(fa)(fa)疾病死亡或者(zhe)在四十(shi)八小時(shi)之(zhi)內經搶救(jiu)無效(xiao)死亡的；（二）在搶險救(jiu)災(zai)等維(wei)護(hu)國家利益、公共利益活動中受到傷(shang)(shang)(shang)害的；（三）職工(gong)原在軍隊服役，因(yin)戰、因(yin)公負(fu)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)致(zhi)殘，已取得革命(ming)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)殘軍人證，到用人單位后舊傷(shang)(shang)(shang)復發(fa)(fa)的。

職工(gong)有前款第（一）項、第（二）項情(qing)形的，按(an)照(zhao)本(ben)條例的有關(guan)(guan)規定享(xiang)受工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險待(dai)遇(yu)；職工(gong)有前款第（三(san)）項情(qing)形的，按(an)照(zhao)本(ben)條例的有關(guan)(guan)規定享(xiang)受除一次性傷(shang)(shang)殘補助金以外的工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險待(dai)遇(yu)。

第十六(liu)條　職工符合本條例第十四條、第十五條的(de)(de)(de)規定，但是有下(xia)列(lie)情形之(zhi)一的(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)得認定為工傷或(huo)者視同工傷：（一）故(gu)意犯罪的(de)(de)(de)；（二）醉(zui)酒或(huo)者吸(xi)毒(du)的(de)(de)(de)；（三）自殘(can)或(huo)者自殺的(de)(de)(de)；